بسم اللّٰه الرحمن
الحيم
A Muslim should
pay Zakah as 2.5% of his total wealth that he owns on the Zakah-date. If he owns ₹1 lakh, he should pay ₹2500.
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Also refer the Chapter of Zakah in Simple Fiqh.
Also refer the Chapter of Zakah in Simple Fiqh.
Total Wealth
To find the total
wealth, the following should be summed up:
1. The market price of every gold and silver item that he
owns,
2. All the money that he owns: in hand, in bank, and money given to
somebody as loan.
3. The market price of his entire stock of merchandise for sale.
4. For a factory-owner, the price of all completed products, that
of the products in various stages of completion, and the price of the raw
materials should be added up. The prices of machinery, land, etc. should be
ignored. (Ap Zakat kis tarah ada kareñ by Mufti Taqi Usmani:34)
The above
market prices should be calculated as on the day of paying Zakah (JFM 1/149), or as on the day of calculating Zakah (Ap Zakat kis tarah ada kareñ: 29).
It is
preferable to base the calculation on the wholesale market rate. (Ap Zakat kis tarah ada kareñ by Mufti
Taqi Usmani: 29)
The following
should then be deducted:
1. Loan that he has taken from somebody and which he has to return
all-at-once.
2. For long-term loan in which he only needs to pay a specified sum
each year, he should deduct only that year’s loan installment.
This is his total
wealth.
Zakah-date
·
When a person
becomes the owner of Nisab (Zakah-worthy wealth), he should wait for a lunar
year. If he still holds more than the Nisab, this is the end of his first Zakah-year.
And this is his annual Zakah-date when Zakah becomes obligatory (Farz)
for him.
·
If a person finds
difficulty in estimating his exact Zakah-date, he may fix any day of the Hijri
year ((e.g. a day in Ramazan) as his Zakah-day. And every year, he should pay
Zakah based on his wealth on this day. (Ap Zakat kis tarah ada
kareñ: 44)
·
Once fixed, the Zakah-day
must be adhered to. It cannot be changed later on arbitrarily.
Nisab
·
It is the market
price of 87.48 gram of silver. It amounts to ₹ 27,180 for Hyderabad on 12 Jun
2016.
(Sources: Jadeed Fiqhi Masail by Maulana Khalid Saifullah Rahmani
1/137; indiagoldrate.com).
·
A person owning
this amount is considered rich by the Shari’ah. He should pay Sadaqatul Fitr,
make Idul Azha sacrifice and cannot accept Zakah-amount.
·
For Zakah to be
obligatory upon him, there is an additional condition that even after passage
of a year, he should remain owner of Nisab.
Zakah-recipients
·
poor people who own
less than the Nisab amount
·
Zakah-collector
appointed by Khalifah or his representative
·
a person in debt
who does not have enough money to pay it off: If he has taken the debt for
something sinful like television, lavish marriage, impermissible rituals of
death, etc. he should not be helped with Zakah-money. (Ma'ariful
Quran English 4/413)
·
a mujahid who does
not have the means to buy weapons and war supplies
·
a person on whom
Haj is Farz (because he owned enough money on some past occasion) but he does
not have enough money now to carry out that Farz
·
a traveler who does
not have enough money with him during journey to reach his destination
comfortably, though he owns Nisab amount at his home
Miscellaneous Rulings
·
Zakah-payment is
valid only if the ultimate recipient is made complete owner of the money.
·
It is essential
that the Zakah-payer makes the intention of Zakah when paying it to the
ultimate recipient (e.g. a poor person) or to an agent (e.g. a madrasah
representative).
·
It is not necessary
to tell the poor person that this is Zakah-money.
·
If a poor person is
given Zakah-money in return for some service rendered by him, Zakah remains
unpaid. (Ma'ariful Quran English 4/403)
·
When paying to a
madrasah-representative, he must be informed that it is Zakah-money.
·
Zakah cannot be
paid to the tax-collector for the government of our Kafir countries.
·
Zakah cannot be
paid for construction of masjids, bridges, madrasah buildings etc.
·
Zakah cannot
be paid to a Kafir: people who do not call themselves Muslims, people who call
themselves Ahmadis/Qadiyanis, Shias, Westernists (communists, seculars,
liberals, etc.) who believe that Islam should be confined only to masjids and
homes, people who believe that Islamic laws are no more applicable because
times have changed, people who show contempt towards 'Ulama claiming that they
want to take the Ummah 15 centuries behind.
All of the above are Kafirs. No amount of Salah and Haj will take them to Jannah unless they revert to Islam – as understood and practiced by the reliable 'Ulama – before death.
All of the above are Kafirs. No amount of Salah and Haj will take them to Jannah unless they revert to Islam – as understood and practiced by the reliable 'Ulama – before death.
·
Zakah should also not be
paid to a rich person (Nisab-owner), to one’s parents and grandparents, to his
offspring and offspring’s offspring, and to his spouse.
·
There is no Zakah
on diamond and gems. (Jadid Fiqhi Masail 1/141)
Shares
·
For people who have
purchased shares with the intention of retaining it and benefitting only from
the profit/dividend paid by the company on that share, they shall consider the
actual company-acknowledged price (face value) of the share for total
wealth calculation.
·
For people who have
purchased shares with the intention of selling it back when its market price
rises, they should consider the market value of the share for total
wealth calculation. (Jadid Fiqhi Masail 1/144)
·
The market value of
shares is usually higher than the face value for profit-making companies.
Real Estate
·
If a person
purchases a land and at the time of purchase he had the intention that he would
sell it later when its price rises, then the price of this land should be
included in his total wealth for Zakah-payment.
·
If he had no clear
intention while purchasing (I will think later what to do with this land: build
a house for myself, put it on rent, or sell it), then this land will not
be included in his total wealth.
·
The land will also
not be included in his total wealth when at the time of purchase itself,
his intention was to rent it or keep it for personal use. (Ap
Zakat kis tarah ada kareñ: 30)
·
For the first case,
the market price on the day of Zakah-calculation should be considered. (Ap
Zakat kis tarah ada kareñ: 29)
Zakah to TV-owner
(Source: Ap Zakat
kis tarah ada kareñ: 63)
Question: A person apparently has all the
commodities of comfortable life in his house like television, VCR, etc. Yet he
is needy on account of expenses for medical treatment, children’s education,
marriage, etc. Can we pay Zakah to him?
Answer
If he is really
needy, he should first sell off his TV, VCR, etc. If he still remains needy
(owning less than Nisab-money), Zakah may be paid to him. Before he sells off
these unnecessary objects of sin, paying Zakah to him will not be permissible.
Zakah on Debt that you have given to a needy
·
When there is
little or no hope of getting back the money (the debtor is denying
having taken the loan, the debtor has gone bankrupt, or the debtor has gone
missing), if the creditor gets back the money later on, there is
no need to pay Zakah of previous years on this amount.
·
As long as he does
not get back the money, obviously, he should not include it in his total
wealth for Zakah.
·
If a debtor
acknowledges the debt, but keeps delaying payment for an entire year (the
period between creditor’s Zakah-dates) even though the creditor has asked
for his money, then the creditor need not
include this loan in his total wealth for Zakah of that year.
(Jadid Fiqhi
Masail: 2/35)
Zakah on loan that you have taken
·
If you are supposed
to pay the loan all at once, you should deduct the entire loan amount from your
total wealth for Zakah.
·
If it is a
long-term loan where you are paying back in instalments, you should deduct only
that year’s instalment from your total wealth.
·
If Haj, Sadaqatul
Fitr, Idul Azha sacrifice, Vow-money, Expiation for breaking fasting, etc. are
due upon a person, those amounts shall not be
deducted from his total wealth. This is the ruling for all loans and
dues that one owes to Allah. (Jadid Fiqhi Masail 2/40)
·
The unpaid Mahr
amount shall also not be deducted from husband’s total wealth. (Jadid
Fiqhi Masail 1/150)
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